Can You Sell A House With A Mortgage Still Owed On It?

Can you sell a house with a mortgage?

Yes. You don’t need your mortgage to be fully paid off in order to list your house for sale — in fact, selling a property with a mortgage is very common. The important thing to remember is your home equity, which is the difference between your home’s current market value and what you still owe on the mortgage.

“Most people who sell their homes have outstanding mortgages,” says Melissa Cohn, regional vice president of William Raveis Mortgage in New York City and Florida. “Having a mortgage does not get in the way of the sale of a home, as long as there is enough equity to pay it off in full when they close.” 

While a mortgage is technically an encumbrance on your home, which means that someone else has a claim on the property (namely, your lender), it’s usually not considered a cloud on the title. And it’s an issue that’s easily resolved: You settle the outstanding balance when you complete the sale; it’s often part of the round of exchanged funds that occurs during the closing. 

This expectation that you’ll use the sale proceeds to repay the debt is the reason the lender is letting the sale go forward. An existing mortgage would only be a significant hurdle if the outstanding balance is more than the home is worth (find more details on the implications of being underwater on your mortgage below).

Example of selling a house with a mortgage

Let’s say your home is worth $450,000, and you still owe $100,000 on your mortgage. You have $350,000 in equity. Assuming you sell for the full value, that $350,000, minus closing costs and other expenses, is what you’ll receive when the deal is completed.

As long as you sell your home for more than the outstanding mortgage balance, you can use the sale proceeds to pay off the loan. Keep in mind that you’ll also have to pay closing costs when you sell. If you don’t have enough equity in your home to repay the mortgage with the proceeds from the sale, you’ll have to use other funds — such as savings — to make up the difference.

How to sell a home with a mortgage

In general, you must pay off any mortgage or loans secured on a home when you sell the property. You can list the property for sale and go through most of the process while still owing a balance, but you must pay the loan off in full as part of the closing. Here are four steps to follow when selling a house with a mortgage.

1. Contact your lender for a payoff statement

If you’re considering selling a home with an outstanding mortgage, the first thing to do is to ask your lender for a payoff statement or letter. This document tells you exactly how much you’ll need to pay the lender when you sell. The payoff amount will change every month, even on a fixed-rate mortgage, since you’re making monthly payments. So be prepared to get a second statement when your closing date is set.

The statement will have instructions for how to submit your final payment. It will give you the specific amount to pay, including any accrued interest and other charges, as well as the due date for the payment. It may also include penalties for prior late payments or an early payment penalty.

2. Estimate home value and net proceeds

Once you know how much you’ll need to pay off, it’s time to estimate the value of your home and the amount you can expect to receive from selling it. (Though of course there’s no guarantee that you’ll sell for the full estimated value.)

There are many ways to estimate how much your home is worth, but a good place to start is to look for comparable homes, or “comps,” in your area that have recently sold or are on the market now. If you already have a real estate agent, they can help you find these and provide helpful context.

You can also enter your address into an AVM, or automated valuation model. These online tools can also help you estimate your home’s worth, though they are not guaranteed to be accurate. You’ll get the most accurate valuation by hiring a professional home appraiser.

Remember that if you owe $150,000 on your mortgage and sell your home for $400,000, that remaining $250,000 isn’t all pure profit. There will be closing costs to pay, and possibly agent commissions and attorney fees as well, so some of the proceeds will go toward that. Make sure that your actual net proceeds are sufficient to pay off both your mortgage and all the fees and closing costs. You should get a settlement statement before your closing that outlines all these expenses.

3. Find an agent and set a fair listing price

If you feel that the net proceeds you will earn can cover the remaining balance of your mortgage and fees, start looking for a real estate agent. Finding a good agent who you like is essential, because you’ll be working closely with them throughout the sale process.

A savvy real estate agent can help you understand the local market, set a fair listing price for your home and generate buyer interest. They can also help you evaluate any offers that you receive to make sure you’re getting the best deal possible.

Your agent should also prepare a seller’s net sheet for you — a kind of itemized work or balance sheet, detailing estimated costs and giving a sense of how much you stand to gain once a deal goes through. Ideally, your agent will send you an updated net sheet with every offer you receive so you can make an apples-to-apples comparison between the bids and see which will net you the most money.

4. Sell the home and pay off the mortgage

Once you accept an offer — congratulations! — it’s time to sign the purchase and sale agreement, which begins the closing process. You’ll likely have to wait for things like the buyer’s appraisal and inspection to be completed before you’re ready for closing day.

When you close on the sale, you’ll use the proceeds to pay off your mortgage lender and any outstanding fees or closing costs. A representative of the lender will attend the closing to collect the money due to them. Whatever is left after that is your net proceeds — that’s the money you get to keep. For example, if you sell for $300,000 and owe $150,000 to pay off the mortgage, plus $20,000 in closing costs, your profit will be $130,000.

Selling a home that’s underwater

One instance where you may have trouble selling a home with a mortgage is if you have negative equity — sometimes called being underwater or upside down. This means your home is currently worth less than what you owe on the mortgage.

Imagine you buy a home for $300,000, putting down 20 percent and borrowing $240,000. Alas, the local real estate market tanks, and you find you can only sell the home for $215,000. If you still owe $225,000 to your lender, you won’t be able to sell your home at a price tag that allows you to pay back what you still owe. You’re underwater.

You have a few options in this situation:

• Offer a short sale: You need the permission of your lender to sell the property for less than your current mortgage balance; the bank must agree to take a loss. If you get approved, your bank will have a say over whether to accept or reject offers. While this situation allows you to walk away without having to pay the entire balance on your loan, it is certainly not ideal for your credit score: “A short sale is the credit equivalent of a foreclosure, so it dings your credit for a seven-year period,” says Cohn.
• Pay out of pocket: If possible, you could make up the difference out of your own savings or by selling investments. In the above scenario, this means coming up with $10,000 to pay back the remainder of the loan. Dipping into assets isn’t ideal either, but as Cohn notes, “If you pay out of pocket, you will protect your credit history.” Going this route can make sense, especially if you need to rent a new place to live or plan to apply for another mortgage soon.
• Put your sale on hold: If you can put off selling your home for the time being, you may want to consider waiting. Renting out the property, if the rental income covers your mortgage, might allow you to hold on to it until its market value (or your financial situation) improves. Over time, the real estate market could change and you may find yourself in a better position to sell for a profit — or at least break even.

Underwater homeowners should weigh their options carefully, Cohn says: “Are you being relocated for work? Are you no longer economically strong enough to make the mortgage payments? Do you have an adjustable rate that’s going to go up? If you want to sell just because you want to get out and move, you probably should wait.”

Can you get a mortgage before selling your home?

If you’re selling your current home, there’s a good chance you’re trying to buy another one, too. Assuming your finances are in good shape, it’s possible to get approved for a new mortgage before you finalize the sale of your current home — an ideal scenario that can help you avoid needing an existing-home-sale contingency when you make an offer.

Making the timing align here can be tricky, so it’s smart to work closely with your real estate agent and mortgage broker. You’ll also want to have a game plan in place if your property sits on the market longer than you’d like. Would you be comfortable paying two mortgages for a time? Are you willing to drop the price to attract more buyers? 

You might also consider a bridge loan, which can provide down payment funds before you sell and then be repaid once the sale is complete and your proceeds are in-hand (with interest, of course). Some companies, like Knock, Orchard and Flyhomes, even specialize in helping consumers buy a new home before selling their current one.

What happens to your mortgage when you sell your house?

When you sell, you pay off any mortgage balance on the home in full. That means you’ll be done with that debt, and the loan will be paid off.

If you’re paying ahead of the preset schedule, though, you might be charged a prepayment penalty or early repayment fee. In addition, many mortgages involve an escrow account. If any money related to your mortgage is in escrow, the balance of that account will be refunded to you. (Escrow funds won’t be turned over at the closing table — it may take a few months.)

Next steps

Having a mortgage shouldn’t stop you from being able to sell your home — as long as it’s worth more than you still owe. To get started, you’ll want to crunch the (estimated) numbers. Ask your mortgage lender for a payoff statement, and do some research to determine how much your home is worth. Don’t forget to account for all the other costs associated with selling a house, to make sure you’re not spreading yourself too thin.

Working with an experienced real estate agent can help make your sale journey smooth and successful. And when you’re ready to buy again, shop around for a mortgage lender to find the best interest rates and loan terms.